NMT (No-Me Teaching) new series 29:
Prior to excerpting the Ramana Maharshi disciple, Master Nome in the text below we continue the series: Fine-Tuned Universe 21, the premise that a small change in several of the dimensionless fundamental physical constants would make the Universe incapable of Life.
The 3 GUT [Grand Unified Theory: Strong & Weak Nuclear – Electro–Magnetic] forces are indistinguishable until a Trillionth second old Universe at a now chilly Quadrillion degrees back when Magnetic Monopoles of a Quadrillion Proton masses were knotted lines in Space.
Fine-Tuned Universe 21:
Cosmological Constant:
Lambda, capital L, lowercase l is a symbol appearing in Einstein’s modified Field Equation used in his formulation of General Relativity:
Rmn – ½ R gmn + L gmn = 8p G/c4 Tmn
He rescinded this “fudge factor” as his self-styled “greatest mistake”; but later it was widely embraced as a Cosmological Constant, especially when described in terms of Omega, capital WL, a ratio of the Energy Density “due to the Cosmological Constant” to the Critical Mass Density of the Universe and the corresponding influence of Gravity. Martin Rees in his Just Six Numbers, similarly called this l = WL while he reserved “plain” Omega, capital W or lowercase w as a measure of the “amount of Matter in the Universe” determining the relative importance of Gravity and the Universe’s Expansion Energy. Specifically the Rees W, w = the Universe’s actual Mass Density to the Critical Mass Density which matches the Cosmological Constant Energy Density. So in Rees terms the High, Medium, and Low curves depicted above describe Open curved-out Expansion, critical Flat Expansion, and curved-in Collapse and these are linked to WL > 1, @ 0.3, < 1. Slight differences and similarities confuse these related used of Lambda & Omega but Universe Expansion is the concern I each case.
- N = ratio of the strengths of gravity to that of electromagnetism;
- Epsilon (ε) = strength of the force binding nucleons into nuclei;
- Omega (ω) = relative importance of gravity and expansion energy in the Universe;
- Lambda (λ) = cosmological constant;
- Q = ratio of the gravitational energy required to pull a large galaxy apart to the energy equivalent of its mass;
- D = number of spatial dimensions in spacetime.
Fine-Tuning Itself:
Some of the small tolerances “allowed” (for Intelligent Life) have already been mentioned for a , as , aG and so on. For Rees’ ratio N = 10–36
(for 2 Protons), stated as 10–40 (Electron-Proton) by others, the “tolerance” is some 1 part in Millions.
The vacuum energy is beyond our scope, but a brief baby-step from elementary Quantum Theory may help for starters. Quantum Energy states ranging from high to low exhibit the gnarly character that any lowest state is quite precisely determined (in terms of frequency if talking about momentum, in terms of time if talking about energy, simply because the bottom is at the extreme low end, without so much wiggle room there. This precise level must therefore store highly uncertain Energy occupation across all quantum states, even in empty Space. The resulting fuzzy residuum of undetermined Energy, quite thinly disperse in Space and thus not to be harnessed, does however add up to a huge amount incrementally across the myriad portions of Space. This empty Space or Vacuum Energy, first described by Dirac as Zero-Point Energy dwarfs the rest on the Universe Rest-Mass = mc2 because the Universe is not empty.
Similarly critical are the Omega Expansion ratios (defined variously). In fact the Electron charge must match the opposing Proton charge to at least 1 part in a Sextillion. Many of the Fine-Tuned tolerances are of a similar sort, very long odds if Random. Some of the Fine-Tuning resembles not so much constraint to some narrow window as much as extreme removal to an extreme end, very high or low. Theoretical determination of the Cosmological Constant has been famously off the mark by a factor of 10120. The huge 10100 too large theoretical repulsive negative-pressure of the Vacuum Energy*[1] must be offset by counter-balancing attractive contributions to the Cosmological Constant, whether included with the speculative Quintessence field or otherwise.
In any case these are Large Numbers coming in again. Similarly, the distant-Future collapse of Matter in the Universe (not the Lambda-Omega collapse of Space-Time itself) in giant Black Holes segues to irradiative evaporation of those Black Holes over the course of 10100 years.
Rees’ Q number determines ripples in the smoothness of the Universe, which at 10–5 compares to the ripple of a tsunami as high as a football field is long, coursing around the Earth’s oceans, but seen from Space as infinitesimal on the scale of the planet, the un-smoothness ripple being only a 1/1000% of the Earth’s size, by analogy, or smoother than a cue-ball. But if Q were down to a 10th of its value, Galaxies would never coalesce. If Q were larger, the Universe would be so “cluttered” Galaxies as to prevent us from estimating any value of Q at all.
Some more selected verses from the Ramana Maharshi disciple, Master Nome disciple:
The unknown Knower of all that is known, the Supreme Knowledge itself, Consciousness remains undivided by the triad of Knower, Knowing, & Known. Consciousness can never be a known or unknown object. Consciousness is the Witness of all, the only Knower. Consciousness, the Knower, is never defined by the Known. Consciousness, the Witness of every state, of all thought, is not defined by thought, nor contained in any state. The Witness is never known. Consciousness is ever non-objective. Consciousness is formless – with nothing objective within or without. Unknown, Consciousness alone is known. Not a process of knowing, Consciousness alone is knowing. Not a knower, Consciousness alone is the Knower, the unknown Knower of all that is known.
The removal of superimposition is accomplished by Self-Inquiry. This is the intention of the negation of the Upanishads, “neti, neti”, “not this”. Such indicates the negation of one’s attributes, identity, or definition, of what is not truly the Self, not the essential Existence, or pure Consciousness. The removal of superimposition is the revelation of the Truth. The Truth, or the Reality, is not newly created, nor did the superimposition diminish it in any way, just as the snake did not chase the rope away. But to see the rope, the Imagination of the snake must cease. Similarly, to know the Truth of the Self, Ignorance must cease.
True Knowledge is not experienced unless the prior ignorant conception is negated, just as the snake notion is destroyed to see the rope. The Self, of the nature of pure Consciousness, is self-existent & can never be negated. Egoism has its origin in Delusion & has for its object that which is only imagined. Its definitions are only thoughts. The discernment of “Not this, not this” negates the very existence of Egoism along with its origin, its effects, & its imagined object.
All qualities, gross (physical) or subtle (mental), ought to be negated from the Self, from one’s Identity. If one is to know the Self as it is, whatever be the qualities attributed to the Self, be they physical or mental, they are to be regarded as mere ornaments. These should not be regarded as the Identity of the one who “wears” those “ornaments” (qualities).
If one rejects all that is objective from one’s Identity, one comes to the conclusion that the Self is the Knower, free from all that is perceived & conceived. In the same manner as one relinquishes misidentification with the Body, & all that is objective, so should one sever the mis-identification with the supposed subject, which is the Ego.
The Self’s existence is independent of all & is different from all that is objective. The objectified “I” is the Ego. The superimposed objective portion of the “I” – consciousness should be abandoned, for it is not actually the Self. Negation of what is objective means also negation of the Ego. What remains is that which is implied in the aphorism: Aham Brahmasmi – “I am Brahman”. Only Brahman can be itself, 1– without – a – 2nd. That is the only true “I”.
Brahman is unborn, immortal, imperishable, ageless, & all-comprehensive. The same Absolute Brahman appears, according to one’s understanding, as God, who is said to be the Lord who dispassionately dispenses the results of karma, or as the Witness, which is Consciousness in relation to all else, or the attributeless, eternal “I”, of the nature of the indivisible, non-dual, Being-Consciousness & which alone is 1– without – a – 2nd.
The Self has neither rise nor set, is neither in darkness nor illumined, but is always the spiritual Light, with nothing material or mental in its nature at all. The distinction between the Self & oneself is due only to superimposition, which is like imagining different openings in a castle wall, for instance, to be different spaces, rather than perceiving the castle space itself. The Self is non-dual, 1– without – a – 2nd. It is neither distinct nor in relation to anything else. For non-dual Existence means there is no other. There is, thus, no difference or non-difference, no oneness or manyness, & no separate knower or doer or experiencer. The Self has nothing to accept or reject. And there is nothing, or no one else to accept or reject the Self. There is no one else to think the Self is, or that the Self is not. Such is the Truth regarding the Self.
The above themes & 1600 pages more are freely available as perused or downloaded PDF’s, the sole occupants of a Public Microsoft Skydrive “Public Folder” accessible through:
http://jstiga.wixsite.com/nonduality/
or with Caps-sensitive:
Duplicates (but with graphics) have been available on:
as “Being-as-Consciousness, Non-Duality – new & final version” with link:
http://being-as-consciousness.blogspot.com/
[But from now on, they will be different & still usually daily.]
Nonduality and Science 